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Supervised Recruitment in Tough Economic Times – Practical Tips for Complianceby Maggie Murphy, Cyrus D. Mehta, and David WareThis article originally appeared on http://www.cyrusmehta.com on November 20, 2009 When the Program Electronic Review Management (PERM) system regulations1 were introduced, it was proposed that PERM adjudications could take place very quickly. Indeed, within the first few years of the effective date of the regulations, users, including the authors, reported same-day and next-day approvals of PERM applications filed, and a high percentage approved within 30-60 days. It appeared the DOL had fixed its broken labor certification adjudication system. Yet, as time marched on, more audits were initiated, and problems with DOL staffing2 has resulted in a 10-month backlog for cases under regular review, 2 years for audited cases, and even longer for cases under appeal.3 To make matters worse, in June of 2009, DOL announced plans to roll out a large-scale Supervised Recruitment Initiative from the Atlanta National Processing Center by October 1, 2009.4 As national unemployment rates continue to rise and companies reduce their workforces at alarming rates, it is time to review in detail the DOL regulations outlining Supervised Recruitment requirements and prepare for additional delays in PERM processing. Requirements Under Supervised Recruitment “Supervised Recruitment is one of many tools the [Department of Labor] uses to safeguard the integrity of the permanent labor certification process and protect job opportunities for American workers,” said Solicitor of Labor Gregory F. Jacob.5 “The department takes seriously its statutory responsibility to ensure that American workers have access to jobs they are qualified and willing to do.”6 The Supervised Recruitment process is authorized under federal regulations at 20 C.F.R. § 656.21, which outline the requirements and time deadlines for this process. The process is very similar to the recruitment ordered during the adjudication of a “Traditional” Labor Certification Application filed prior to the implementation of the PERM regulations. In addition to the regulations, the DOL has published “Frequently Asked Questions” about Supervised Recruitment to clarify procedural and timing issues.7 Following is the general timeline and requirements outlined in the regulations:
Practice Tip: The 30-day time deadline is actually 30 calendar days, which does not leave much time to prepare the draft recruitment. The attorney of record in the case should receive the Notice ordering Supervised Recruitment, so it will be critical to engage the employer as quickly as possible, to obtain appropriate approval for the draft before sending it to the DOL. Note that the advertisement will have to incorporate additional features that may not have been part of the pre-filing advertising. 20 C.F.R. 656.21(b)(2) lists criteria for what must be included in a supervised recruitment advertisement, which differ from the contents in a pre-filing advertisement under 20 C.F.R. 656.17(f). The latter requires the advertisement to “[provide] a description of the vacancy specific enough to apprise U.S. workers of the job opportunity for which certification is sought.”9 On the other hand, an advertisement under Supervised Recruitment must describe the job opportunity, summarize the minimum requirements, and most importantly, offer training if the job opportunity is the type for which employers need to provide training.10 Finally, it is important to accurately include the DOL address and P.O. Box number specified in the recruiting instructions. Unlike a pre-filing recruitment, which must identify the employer, a supervised recruitment advertisement does not require employer identification, and instead, requires the advertisement to direct resumes to a specific DOL address. Finally, the CO will set a new prevailing wage for the job. While the wage need not be indicated in the recruitment, care should be taken to ensure that the employer would still have the ability to pay at the time of filing the I-140 petition.
Practice Tip: During the traditional labor certification era, the SWA often questioned certain job requirements and required a showing of business necessity prior to approving the draft. It is unclear whether the CO in the supervised recruitment era will do likewise, and may not, if the justifications for these requirements were already sent in if the case was audited prior to the supervised recruitment. But be prepared to justify excessive job requirements before the CO approves the draft. Finally, note that the employer would still not be able to make any changes on the PERM form during supervised recruitment.
Practice Tip: Again, time is of the essence. The CO should specifically list where and when the recruitment should be placed. It is likely that the CO may specifically require that the advertisement be placed in a newspaper of general circulation, which must run for 3 days including a Sunday, or in a professional, ethnic or trade publication.14 Care must be taken to run the three consecutive advertisements, within the stipulated period, so that they can also run on a Sunday. Current ad costs and schedules for newspapers and trade/professional journals should be obtained at the time the draft recruitment is sent to the CO for review, so that the employer will be ready to place recruitment as soon as the Recruitment Instructions are received.
Practice Tip: In addition to following PERM regulations regarding the preparation of the recruitment report,15 it is prudent to clearly document all contact with the applicants, including phone logs, return-receipt notices for written correspondence and emails, as well as detailed notes for the disqualification of applicants.16 It is further noted that the attorney will be the first to receive the resumes, and he or she must be mindful of DOL’s announcement on August 29, 2008 specifically prohibiting the attorney from making any assessments of the resume before the employer does.17 While, according to the August 29, 2008 guidance, there is nothing prohibiting attorneys from receiving resumes, attorneys may not conduct any preliminary screening of resumes before an employer does, other than the routine and ministerial organization of resumes.18 Also, attorneys cannot withhold any resumes that they may receive from U.S. applicants.
Practice Tip: In addition to the employer’s recruitment report, the attorney of record should prepare not only the required steps taken to ensure compliance with DOL regulations and the CO’s instructions, but also a brief or letter outlining the legal reasons for each applicant’s disqualification. If the labor certification contains alternative requirements requiring the Kellogg standard in evaluating job applications – i.e. agreeing to consider applicants possessing any suitable combination of education, training or experience,19 the recruitment report must also establish that the applicants did not possess any suitable combination of education, training or experience. Also important is to contact applicants soon after the resumes have been received; otherwise the DOL may conclude that the employer did not recruit in good faith.20 Upon submission of the Recruitment Report to the DOL, the CO will either make a decision in the case or, possibly, order additional recruitment. If the Employer requires an extension of time to respond to either the initial Notice, the Recruitment Instructions, or the Recruitment Report Letter, it may request an extension “for good cause,” and it is within the CO’s discretion to grant the extension.21 Therefore, if an extension is needed, it is recommended that the reason for the extension be clearly and concisely explained and documented and that a specific time frame be requested. Can Supervised Recruitment be Avoided PERM is an audit-based system. Applications are submitted electronically and recruitment activities, although reported, are not documented. The only opportunities the DOL has to review the evidence of required recruitment are through the audit process, or via Supervised Recruitment. Sometimes, DOL will audit the case first, before requiring additional recruitment. However, as was stated above, the DOL has stated its goal to place many more cases under Supervised Recruitment until the unemployment levels drop significantly, so it is unlikely such Notices can be avoided. Based on DOL’s public comments, it appears that Supervised Recruitment decisions will be based more on statistical analysis of a given job market and the stated job opportunity, rather than any “audit triggers” which may sometimes be avoided via skillful preparation of the ETA 9089. Rising unemployment rates and publicized layoffs in certain industries and geographic locations contribute to the DOL’s planned initiative to protect the integrity of the PERM program and certify cases only after the employer can prove that there are no qualified U.S. workers for this position. Expect DOL to target companies with publicized layoffs or reductions in force for Supervised Recruitment, as well as employers in certain industries, such as high-tech/computer industries, automotive-related industries, and financial/banking industries. The DOL has specifically admitted to targeting cases filed for Financial Analyst positions in the New York City area after lay-offs in the financial industry were widely publicized.22 The best course of action for employers is to follow the PERM regulations very carefully when recruiting initially, and to be vigilant in keeping interview logs and notes regarding applicants for the position and the legal reasons for disqualification. Although Supervised Recruitment may not be avoidable, having all required recruitment evidence and organized documentation for responses to requests will prepare the employer for additional recruitment activities. Furthermore, a discussion between the attorney and the employer regarding the possibility of additional recruitment and what to expect will prepare the employer to mobilize for responding to each Notice and Letter from DOL within 30 days. Conclusion In June of 2009, after announcing its plan to roll-out a Supervised Recruitment initiative, DOL stated that approximately 200 pending PERM applications had been marked for Supervised Recruitment. Of those cases the following statistics were noted:
45% were denied; 11% had been certified; and 20% remained pending.24 It is necessary to consider the possibility for Supervised Recruitment before filing the PERM application. Although the employer may withdraw the application if additional recruitment is ordered, withdrawal, and particularly a pattern of withdrawals, upon the receipt of Supervised Recruitment, can have serious repercussions on the employer.25 And if the employer files a new application, the future application will also likely be subject to supervised recruitment.26 Although Supervised Recruitment may be issued randomly, as many Audit Notices are, market conditions will likely trigger Supervised Recruitment for certain cases, so it is prudent to check with the local State Workforce Agency (SWA) in the geographic location for the position to get statistics on labor market conditions prior to filing. PERM Regulations outlining requirements for Supervised Recruitment are very similar to the recruitment requirements in place prior to the implementation of the PERM system. The most significant difference to a good-faith employer who has filed a PERM application is that the employer should have already spent thousands of dollars in advertising costs and resources recruiting for the position and determined before filing that no qualified U.S. applicants were available for the position. Under Supervised Recruitment, that employer will have the additional financial burden of placing new recruitment and reviewing all applicants the Certifying Officer stipulates. While supervised recruitment was also occasionally required if an employer filed a Reduction in Recruitment application,27 the purpose then was to cure a defect that precluded RIR approval. Under PERM, the pre-filing recruitment may have been perfect, but what was fine previously, may no longer be the case and the CO orders supervised recruitment as a way to adjust the facts of the case to a changed reality.28 So, even though the employer has attested to the fact that no qualified applicants applied for the job, it will now have to recruit for the position again and consider all applicants the CO forwards for review. The DOL stated that its decision to increase the amount of cases tagged for Supervised Recruitment has to do with the significant change in labor market conditions pre-and post-filing.29 One could argue that market conditions would not likely be so different if it wasn’t taking 10 months to 2 years for cases to be adjudicated. When this was raised by AILA at the DOL Stakeholders Meeting in February of 2009, the DOL declined to comment.30 The DOL estimates that Supervised Recruitment will add at least 180 days to processing, in the “cleanest” of cases.31 Based on current processing times and statistics for PERM Audits, it is probable that Supervised Recruitment will add at least one year to case processing times. Preparation is critical at every stage, and documentation of Supervised Recruitment activities and applicant review must comply with the regulations and CO instructions within the very tight regulated timeframes. Attorney assistance is strongly recommended to guide employers and ensure compliance.
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